JOHANNESBURG – While many men remain unaware of their risks, experts urge regular screenings and lifestyle changes as crucial steps to prevent and detect prostate cancer early.

Cancer Society of South Africa (CANSA) Service Specialist Olivia Curlewis shared information about risk factors, symptoms and treatments and shed light on why prostate cancer awareness is crucial.

Curlewis explained that prostate cancer affects a small gland under the bladder that produces seminal fluid.

“The prostate surrounds the urethra and this is where the fluid that nourishes the sperm is produced,” she said.

However, prostate cancer often grows silently, showing few symptoms until it reaches an advanced stage.

What men should know

Several factors increase the risk of prostate cancer, including age, family history, and race.

While these are unmodifiable, lifestyle choices also play a role.

“Smoking, alcohol, steroid use, high dairy and red meat consumption are lifestyle factors that could increase a man’s risk,” explained Curlewis.

What to watch out for

Unlike many cancers, prostate cancer often has few or no symptoms at first.

However, when symptoms do occur, they may include trouble urinating, blood in the urine or semen, and, if the cancer has spread, pain in the lower back, hips, or legs.

“The prostate can become enlarged, causing difficulty urinating. As it progresses, symptoms such as blood in the semen and lower body pain can occur,” Curlewis said.

Treatment options

Treatment options vary, depending on the stage of the cancer.

“Early-stage prostate cancer (stages one and two) may require minimal monitoring or treatment,” explained Curlewis.

“Stage three often involves a prostatectomy, the surgical removal of the prostate. In advanced cases, we look at radiation, chemotherapy and hormone therapy.”

Many men live long and healthy lives after treatment.

With the right support, men can manage both the emotional and physical impact of a prostate cancer diagnosis.

CANSA also has a telecounseling line for patients.

“Through tele-counseling, men can ask about radiation, chemotherapy and hormone therapy, and our clinical advisors provide support,” Curlewis added.

Early detection saves lives

Prostate cancer can be a serious diagnosis, but early detection and treatment significantly improve outcomes.

Curlewis emphasized the importance of regular checkups.

By Ntandoyenkosi Kubheka