Last update:November 05, 2024, 12:35 PM IST

Regular monitoring of AQI levels, along with precautions such as health protection, especially during peak pollution periods, would allow people to continue their daily activities safely.

A layer of fog envelops Akshardham temple and surrounding areas as AQI slips to ‘very poor’ category | Image/File

As pollution levels continue to rise in major cities like Delhi, health professionals are becoming aware of the significant risks to respiratory, skin and eye health. With Delhi’s Air Quality Index (AQI) recently crossing 400, the potential for serious health problems is intensifying, making it essential that people take proactive measures to protect their well-being. provides valuable information on how to overcome the health challenges posed by high pollution levels and contains preventive measures for both individuals and families.

Health effects of pollution on the respiratory system, skin and eyes

The respiratory system is affected by high levels of pollution, conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and even lung cancer are becoming more common. Dr Meenakshi Jain, Senior Director, Internal Medicine, Max Super Specialty Hospital, Patparganj, explains, “Fine particles (PM2.5) can penetrate deep into the lungs, causing inflammation and reduced lung function. Long-term exposure can lead to chronic respiratory disease, making it difficult to breathe and carry out daily activities.” Prolonged exposure to pollutants not only affects lung function, but can also lead to cardiovascular disease and an increased risk of lung cancer.

Similarly, Dr Pratibha Dogra, Senior Consultant Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Marengo Asia Hospitals, Gurugram, points out the damage to the lungs from ingesting pollutants, explaining that “severe pollution triggers conditions like asthma, bronchitis and reduced lung capacity”. that continued exposure exacerbates respiratory disease, particularly in vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly.

Eyes and skin are also significantly affected by pollution. According to Dr. Jain, “Pollutants such as smoke and chemical fumes can irritate the eyes, causing symptoms such as redness, dryness and excessive tearing.” Over time, this can lead to more serious eye conditions such as conjunctivitis or corneal damage. Especially for those with pre-existing eye sensitivities, exposing the skin to airborne toxins can cause dryness, acne, premature aging and even skin cancer when when combined with UV exposure, she adds.

Dr. Dogra also points out that polluting particles clog pores and can worsen skin conditions, causing dryness, acne and premature aging. To alleviate these issues, she recommends a rigorous skin care regimen to protect and hydrate the skin.

Steps to minimize exposure to pollution

In highly polluted environments, both experts emphasize the importance of monitoring and limiting exposure. Dr Jain advises: “Stay informed about local air quality indices (AQIs) and limit outdoor activities on days with high pollution,” while Dr Dogra adds that it’s essential to plan outdoor activities ahead of time free and avoid outdoor exercise early in the morning when it is polluted. levels are the highest.

To reduce your intake of pollutants, Dr. Dogra recommends using an N95 mask when venturing outdoors, as well as “sealing windows and using indoor air purifiers, along with placing indoor plants to improve air quality.” She also emphasizes the importance of minimizing the entry of pollutants into indoor environments to create a safer breathing space.

Dr. Jain suggests additional strategies for maintaining indoor air quality, such as using air purifiers, ventilating the home, and avoiding indoor pollutants like tobacco smoke and harsh cleaning chemicals. These practices, combined with regular AQI monitoring, can significantly reduce the risks associated with poor air quality.

Hydration, nutrition and skin care to combat pollution

Adequate hydration and a diet rich in antioxidants can also help the body counteract the effects of pollution. “Staying hydrated supports skin health and overall well-being,” notes Dr. Jain. Antioxidants can help fight oxidative stress, which is a major factor in cellular damage caused by pollution. Dr. Dogra recommends eating foods rich in antioxidants to boost immunity and mitigate toxins. In addition, she recommends rinsing the eyes with clean water to relieve dryness, applying moisturizing skin care, and using a moisturizer to protect the skin’s barrier against pollutants.

When to seek medical help

Knowing when to seek medical advice is essential. Dr. Jain advises individuals to be alert for signs of respiratory problems, such as a persistent cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing, especially if these symptoms worsen with exposure to pollution. She also warns that persistent redness, swelling, or eye discomfort that doesn’t improve with over-the-counter remedies warrants medical consultation. Also, skin reactions such as severe acne or persistent rashes should not be ignored.

Taking proactive measures to protect health

Although the health effects of pollution are substantial, Dr. Jain points out that “being proactive about monitoring environmental conditions and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help mitigate these risks.” By implementing preventive measures, such as reducing outdoor exposure on high-pollution days, wearing face masks, and ensuring indoor air quality, people can protect themselves and reduce pollution-related health risks.

Dr Dogra concludes that by adopting simple habits such as using air purifiers, staying hydrated and choosing foods rich in antioxidants, people can increase their resistance to the health impacts of pollution. Regular monitoring of AQI levels, along with these precautions, helps protect health, especially during peak pollution periods, allowing people to continue their daily activities safely.