National Cancer Awareness Day is celebrated every year on November 7. It is a crucial event in India and is dedicated to raising awareness about cancer, one of India’s most pressing health concerns. It reminds us to educate ourselves about cancer and take preventative measures for early detection and provide essential support to people battling the disease. In 2024, the theme for National Cancer Awareness Day is ‘Hope, Prevention and Support’ and the day focuses on promoting a proactive approach to cancer awareness and encouraging communities to unite against the disease.
The story
This observance was introduced in 2014 by Dr. Harsh Vardhan, former Union Health Minister, to highlight the importance of cancer awareness and early detection. Because early diagnosis can significantly improve cancer outcomes, National Cancer Awareness Day provides a platform to inform people about risk factors, prevention and available resources. It also emphasizes lifestyle changes, awareness campaigns and regular screenings as essential strategies for managing personal health.

Why is cancer a major health problem in India?
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in India after cardiovascular disease, with over 1.3 million new cases reported annually. Factors such as aging, urbanization, and lifestyle changes, including poor diet, inactivity, and tobacco use, contribute to this growing cancer burden. India’s fight against cancer faces unique challenges due to its large population, socioeconomic disparities and limited access to healthcare in many regions. Misconceptions about cancer often lead to delayed diagnosis and higher death rates, making education and awareness even more vital.

Common types of cancer in India
Several types of cancer are prevalent in India, each affecting different demographics of the population:
Breast cancer: This is the most common cancer among women in India. Early detection plays a significant role in treatability, making awareness and regular screening crucial.
Cervical cancer: India accounts for approximately 25% of global cervical cancer cases, with low HPV vaccination coverage and limited access to screening, particularly in rural areas.
Lung cancer: Primarily affecting men, lung cancer is caused by high tobacco use and air pollution, both of which are significant problems in urban areas.
Oral cancer: With the widespread habit of chewing tobacco, oral cancer rates remain high, especially among men in rural areas.
Colorectal cancer: Cases of this cancer are increasing, especially in urban populations, and are often linked to diets high in red meat and low in fiber.

Cancer in Kerala: A State Perspective
Kerala, known for its high literacy rates and health awareness, presents a unique case. Although the state has made strides in healthcare, lifestyle factors and an aging population contribute to high rates of cancer, particularly oral, lung and breast cancer. The Kerala government has implemented programs to promote cancer screenings and awareness, helping in early detection and management of many cases.
Preventive measures and screening
A primary goal of National Cancer Awareness Day is to promote preventive measures and screening programs. Many types of cancer, such as breast, cervical and colorectal cancers, can be managed more easily if detected early.

Here are some key preventative measures
Screening programs: Regular screenings, such as mammograms, Pap smears and HPV tests, play a central role in cancer prevention. The government’s national cancer control programs provide screening services at health centers in urban and rural areas.
Lifestyle changes: Avoiding tobacco and alcohol, maintaining a healthy diet and regular physical activity can substantially reduce the risk of cancer, especially since tobacco alone accounts for about 40% of cancer cases in India.
Dietary adjustments: Diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and fiber may reduce the risk of certain cancers, especially colorectal cancer. Limiting red meat and processed foods is also beneficial.
HPV vaccination: Given the high prevalence of cervical cancer, widespread introduction of the HPV vaccine in various states can be a powerful preventive tool.
Public awareness campaigns: Media and community campaigns help educate the public about cancer symptoms and prevention, empowering people to seek medical attention at the first signs of the disease.

Supporting cancer patients
Cancer treatment involves medical intervention and substantial emotional and financial support. Here are significant ways communities and individuals can help:
Emotional support: Patients need emotional support to cope with the stress of treatment. Listening to their concerns, offering encouragement and showing up can have a profound impact.
Financial assistance: The costs of cancer treatment can be overwhelming. Contributions to cancer foundations, fundraising efforts and direct support for families can alleviate some of this burden. Community Support Groups: Support groups provide a platform for patients to share experiences, coping strategies and emotional support. Kerala has several cancer support networks that provide valuable resources and counseling.
Raising awareness: Volunteering to organize awareness drives in schools, colleges and communities helps spread vital information about symptoms and prevention.
Providing practical help: Practical assistance, such as providing transportation to hospital appointments, preparing meals, or babysitting, can reduce the strain on families dealing with cancer.
Volunteering with cancer organizations: National and local organizations welcome volunteers to help with awareness events, administrative tasks and community outreach programs.

Moving forward: a call to action
National Cancer Awareness Day encourages all Indians to come together, educate themselves and extend support to those affected by cancer. In a diverse country with diverse healthcare resources, it is vital that we use every opportunity to promote awareness, early detection and access to treatment. India’s fight against cancer requires a collaborative approach between government bodies, healthcare providers, NGOs and individuals. By focusing on awareness, lifestyle choices, regular screenings and proactive health management, we can work towards a future with reduced cancer rates and improved care for those affected. The 2024 theme, “Hope, Prevention and Support,” reminds us that while cancer remains a formidable challenge, a united effort can make a profound difference. By fostering knowledge, empathy and actionable support, each of us can help build a healthier, more informed and supportive society.
(Dr. Deepthi TR is a specialist in early detection and prevention of cancer, Oncure Preventive and Healthcare Center Kannur)