Fulfilling the state’s obligation to resolve 12 cases of alleged serious human rights violations has gone nowhere under Jokowi’s administration in terms of judicial mechanisms. The state must act quickly and measurably because justice delayed is justice denied.

Of the ten serious human rights violations, only the Paniai atrocities in Papua (2014) have been resolved. Meanwhile, the cases of East Timor (1999), Tanjung Priok (1984) and Abepura, Papua (2004) had been settled by Jokowi’s predecessors.

However, the judicial resolution of these crimes against humanity failed to fulfill the victims’ right to justice. In order to maintain justice, serious human rights violations must be resolved in a way that provides legal certainty.

Because Jokowi was very popular and considered unburdened by the past when he was initially elected in 2014, people, especially victims of human rights abuses and human rights defenders, had high hopes that he would resolve the dark past.

However, Jokowi has been shown to have preferred a non-judicial approach by forming a monitoring team and a non-judicial settlement implementation team for past serious human rights violations.

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Jokowi’s acknowledgment and regret for the 12 grave human rights violations should be appreciated. However, the effectiveness of the implementation team made up of dozens of ministries and state institutions needs to be more measurable and transparent.