Cyber ​​security is a subordinate field of everyday developments, especially as a reason for the multiplication of cyber attacks and the digitization of society. Whether at national, European or international level, specific laws and regulations are progressively established to frame IT risk management. These regulations, which have the major objective of protecting businesses, public bodies and individuals face digital threats. Mais quelles sont les texts actual in application, qui encadrent la cybersecurité et pourquoi sont-ils indispensables?

Why des lois sur la cybersecurité?

Alors que tous les appareils connectés sont vulnerables aux attaques, la cybersecurité has become an imperative. As Ursula von der Leyen, president of the European Commission, pointed out, every device that can be connected can be hacked. Cyber ​​attacks, often carried out from abroad, complicit enforcement of local laws and require international cooperation. Pour lutter contre ces menaces et harmoniser la cybersecurité, des cadres légaux sont mis en place pour permettre aux États, entreprises et citoyens de se prémunit efficaciously contre les risques informatiques.

The objective is not only to fight cybercrime, but also to define clear rules to guarantee the security of information systems. Let’s take a closer look at some key laws and regulations.

La loi Godfrain (1988): pioneer in cybercriminality

In France, la première législation en matière de cybercriminalité remonte à la loi Godfrain du 5 janvier 1988. Elle prevoit des sanctions for the falsification of documents informatisés and les délits commis in group in the domaine numérique.

Au fil des ans, la loi Godfrain evolved to adapt to new technological realities. to LCEN since 2004 introduced des sanctions pour la publication de failles informatiques, tandis que la directive 2009/136/EC impose aux entreprises de signaler les failles de sécurité aux autorités compétentes. Ces évolutions montrent comment la legislation cherche à consolidate the protection of systems and data in a perpetually changing environment.

The Cybersecurity Act: a European framework for strengthening security

Face à l’ampleur des cyberattacks, l’Union européenne adopted le Cybersecurity Act in 2019. This European regulation a pour dar creates a common framework of cybersecurity certification applicable to products, services and processes related to information and information technologies. from communication. L’Agence européenne pour la cybersecurité (ENISA) is charged with the application of these rules and the guidance of member states in their cyber security strategy.

The Cybersecurity Act distinguishes three levels of cybersecurity assurance (basic, substantial and high), depending on the level of security required. For example, connected cars must meet higher security standards to protect users against potential intrusions. This European certification framework allows the standardization of cybersecurity practices and the strengthening of companies’ resistance to IT risks.

ISO/CEI 27001: an international standard for risk management

To the rules ISO/IEC 27001 is an international standard that guides businesses in putting an information security management system (ISMS) in place. While it’s not mandatory, it’s a major concern for businesses looking to improve their cybersecurity risk management. This rule requires, among other things, to define a security policy, to assess risks and to put in place measures for management. Elle favorise ainsi une approche proactive de la sécurité des données.

General Regulation for the Protection of Women (GDPR)

they RGPDentered into force in May 2018, it is l’un des texts les plus importantes en matière de protection des données personales. Applicable throughout the European Union, it obliges organizations to justify all processing of personal data and to protect information about relatives of European citizens. This regulation imposes strict obligations on consent, transparency and data security, thereby ensuring cyber security in organizations that collect and hold personal information.

Le cyberscore: a security indicator for Internet users

In France, la loi du 3 mars 2022 introduced le cyberscorea security indicator for websites, similar to Nutri-Score for food products. This score allows internet users to assess the security of sites qu’ils consultant, especially in terms of data protection. Businesses must conduct audits of qualified providers to achieve this score, which will be visible directly on their websites. What device aims to sensitize les utilisers aux risques informatiques et à promote culture of the cybersecurité.

New European regulations: the NIS2 directive and the Cyber ​​Resilience Act

to NIS2 directive It would require 17% of European companies to comply with strict cyber security standards by 2025. What texts target essential sectors such as health, energy, and finances, and provide sanctions in case of non-compliance. At the same time, Cyber ​​Resilience Act provided by nouvelles norms for digital products sold in Europe, oblige manufacturers to report all vulnerabilities within 24 hours and guaranteeing a surveillance that accumulates even a long life cycle of often products.

Computer security vs cyber security: what are the differences?

Cyber ​​security and computer security are often confused, but are covered by distinct fields. Computer security mainly refers to the protection of computer systems against unauthorized access. La cybersecurité, quant à elle, is a plus large approach that includes the protection of systems, networks and data against digital threats. It encompasses as well as all aspects of digital security, especially the protection of personal information and incident management.

Faced with the exponential growth of cyber attacks, cyber security legislation is rapidly evolving to adapt for the new kids. Whether through Godfrain law, GDPR, Cybersecurity Act or ISO standards, governments seek to protect businesses, institutions and individuals. These legal frameworks are crucial to guarantee the security of digital infrastructures and resistance to modern threats.

In sum, la cybersecurité n’est plus an option more a necessity to ensure a safe and secure digital environment. Businesses, in particular, must follow these regulations to avoid risks and protect user data.